Etymology

from Cryphonectria parasitica, the species of fungus in which the first mitovirus was discovered; the suffix -virales for order taxa

from the Greek mitos, meaning  "thread", referring to replication of viruses in the family in the mitochondria of host fungi; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Latin levi, meaning "light", referring to Leviviridae, a family included in the taxon; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa

to honour Norton Zinder, who isolated the first bacterial virus that contained RNA as its genetic material; the suffix -virales for order taxa

to honour the Irish geneticist, John Atkins, for his discovery of the lysin protein from Escherichia virus MS2; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

to honour the Dutch scientist, Jan van Duin, for his discoveries related to novel bacterial ssRNA viruses; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

to honour the Belgian molecular biologist, Walter Fiers, who sequenced the first gene and genome of any virus, phage MS2; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

to honour the American molecular biologist Sol Spiegelman, who evolved a RNA chain of only 218 nucleotides that could be efficiently replicated by an exogenous RdRP; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

to honour Timothy Loeb who, with Norton Zinder, isolated the first bacterial positive-sense, single-stranded virus; the suffix -virales for order taxa

to honour the American molecular biologist, Thomas Blumenthal,  for his findings on the replication of bacterial ssRNA viruses, in particular the structure and function of the viral replicase; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

to honour the American biochemist Joan Argetsinger Steitz for her delineation of an initiation sequence that is central to modern-day ribosome profiling; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from ourmiavirus, itself from Ourmia (Urmia, Orumieh) a city in north-western Iran where Ourmia melon virus, a member of the taxon, was first found; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa

from ourmiavirus-like, referring to ourmiaviruses, members of the taxon; the suffix -virales for order taxa

from Botrytis, a genus of fungal hosts, and ourmia-like from Ourmia, a city in north-western Iran where Ourmia melon virus, a member of the family, was first found; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Latin nega, meaning "to deny (negate)" and  RNA for ribonucleic acid, referring to the genomic RNA polarity of viruses in the taxon; the suffix -viricota for phylum taxa

from the Ancient Greek ἁπλόoV (haplo), meaning "simple", referring to the generally mono-segmented genome of viruses in the taxon; the suffix -viricotina for subphylum taxa

from Chūnqiū Shídài (春秋时代), the Spring and Autumn Period in which Qín and Yuè were states in China; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa; connection unclear

from Mù (穆) the Duke of Qín, Qín being the ancient Chinese state during the Spring and Autumn Period; the suffix -virales for order taxa; connection unclear

from the Qín (秦) State during the Spring and Autumn of Chinese history; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

to honour RG Milne, senior author of the first paper describing ophioviruses; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa

from Old English nædre (naedre), meaning "serpent", referring to the earlier name of the order, Serpentovirales, describing the serpent-like appearance of virions of viruses in the taxon; the suffix -virales for order taxa

from the Latin aspis, meaning “viper" or "snake”, referring to the morphology of virions of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from Mononegavirales and Jingchuvirales, two orders in the taxon; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa

from Jīngchǔ (荆楚), a synonym for Chǔ (楚), a state in ancient China; the suffix -virales for order taxa; connection unclear

phonetically from the Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos), meaning "other" or "another", possibly referring to the numerous families in the class Caudoviricetes; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from Chǔ (楚) , a state during the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

from the Latin crepusculum, meaning “twilight" or "dim”, possibly because megalopteran chu-related virus 119, a member of the family, was isolated from a corydalid fly species whose larvae remain under cover during the day but move in search of food at night; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Greek μύριοι (mýrioi), meaning "myriad", a now obsolete decimal metric prefix denoting a factor of 10⁴ (ten thousand), referring to the myriapod arthropod (millipedes and centipedes) hosts of some viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Latin natare, meaning “swim" or "float”, possibly because Wēnzhōu crab virus 3 was isolated from Charybdis japonica, the Asian paddle crab, a species of swimming crab; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Ancient Greek μόνος (monos), meaning "single", and the Latin negare, meaning "to deny (negate)", referring to the polarity and generally mono-segmented genome of viruses in the taxon ; the suffix -virales for order taxa

from arthropod, referring to the host phylum of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the German city of Borna, where many animals died of sporadic encephalopathy caused by Borna disease virus 1, a member of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Latin filum, meaning “thread,” referring to the morphology of virions of members of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from Lĭshì spider virus 2, a member of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from Mycota (fungi), referring to the host of viruses in the family, and Mononegavirales, the order that includes this virus family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from Nyamanini Pan, where Nyamanini virus was isolated and Midway Atoll, where Midway virus was isolated, both members of the virus family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Ancient Greek παρά (pará), meaning “beside" and the Greek μύξα, (mýxa), meaning"mucus", referring to the association of some members of the family with  respiratory infection; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Greek pneuma, meaning “breath”, referring to the transmission of viruses in this family by contact and airborne routes; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the Ancient Greek ῥάβδος (rhabdos), meaning "rod", referring to the virion morphology of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from Sunshine Coast virus, a member of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from Xīnchéng mosquito virus, a member of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from Yǔncháng (允常), the father of Gōujiàn, the future King of the ancient Chinese state Yuè; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa; connection unclear

from Gōujiàn (勾踐), the king of the ancient Chinese Yuè State, during the Spring and Autumn Period; the suffix -virales for order taxa; connection unclear

from Yuè (越), a state during the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

from the Ancient Greek πολύπλοκοV (polyplo), meaning "complex", referring to the generally multi-segmented genome of viruses in the taxon;; the suffix -viricotina for subphylum taxa

from Bunyamwera virus (an orthobunyavirus), a member of the taxon; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa

to honour Richard Elliott, a pioneer of bunyavirus molecular virology; the suffix -virales for order taxa

from crustacean lincruvirus (an obsolete species name), referring to Wēnlǐng crustacean virus 9, a member of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from fig mosaic virus, a member of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

from the genus name Orthohantavirus, referring to the River Hantan (South Korea) where Hantaan virus, a member of the family, was discovered; the suffix -viridae for family taxa