Etymology Name Page

Etymology: from A-form DNA, a characteristic of viruses in this realm; the suffix ‑viria for realm taxa

Etymology: to honour Wolfram Zillig, a pioneer of research on hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses; the suffix -virae for kingdom taxa

Etymology: from the Latin talea, meaning “rod”, referring to the virion morphology of viruses in the phylum; the suffix -viricota for phylum taxa

Etymology: from the Georgian თოკი (toki), meaning “thread”, referring to the virion morphology of viruses in the class; the suffix ‑viricetes for class taxa

Etymology: from the Latin ligamen, meaning “string" or "thread”, referring to the virion morphology of viruses in the order; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from Chiyou, a symbol of war and invention in Chinese mythology; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Greek lipothrix, meaning "fat hair", referring to the virion morphology of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin rudi, meaning "small rod", referring to the virion morphology of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin ungula, meaning "claw", referring to the claw-like structures decorating the termini of the virions of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Maximon, a god of travelers, merchants, medicine men/women, mischief and fertility in Mayan mythology; the suffix -virales for order taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: from Ah Mun, the god of agriculture in Mayan mythology; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: from the Latin prima, meaning “first”, referring to Thermoproteus tenax virus 1, the first hyperthermophilic archaeal virus to be isolated (in 1983), which is classified in this order; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek τρι- (tria) meaning "three" and στρῶμα (stroma), meaning "layer", referring to a virion tripartite shell consisting of two protein layers and an external envelope; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin dūplō, meaning double and DNA, referring to the fact that all founding members of the realm have double-stranded dsDNA genomes; the suffix -viria for realm taxa

Etymology: from the Cantonese 香港 (Hēunggóng), meaning (and approximately pronounced) Hong Kong— referring to Escherichia coli phage HK97, the founding member of the HK97 (Hong Kong 97)-fold major capsid protein viruses in this taxon; the suffix -virae for kingdom taxa

Etymology: from the name of a higher-rank taxon proposed by Lwoff and Tournier in 1966 (“Peplovirales”; from the Greek πέπλος (peplos)), meaning garment, referencing the unique tegument of herpesviruses; the suffix -viricota for phylum taxa

Etymology: from herpesvirus; referring to the herpesviruses, members of the class; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek ἕρπω (hérpō) meaning "to creep", referring to spreading blisters, with the addition of the consonant s; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos), meaning "other" and ἕρπης (hérpō), which is related to the meaning "to creep", referring to spreading blisters; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós), meaning ‘soft’ and used in zoology to denote molluscs, and the Ancient Greek: ἕρπης (hérpō), which is related to the meaning "to creep", referring to spreading blisters; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthos), meaning “correct” or “straight”, and ἕρπης (hérpō), which is related to the meaning "to creep", referring to spreading blisters; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the name of a higher-rank taxon for tailed phages proposed by Lwoff and Tournier in 1966 (“Urovirales”; from the Greek οὐρά (ourá/uros)), meaning tail; the suffix -viricota for phylum taxa

Etymology: from the Latin caudo, meaning tail; referring to the virion morphology of viruses in the taxon; the suffix -viricetes for class taxa

Etymology: from Adrika, the cursed apsara (celestial nymph), who took form of a fish in ancient Indian mythology, referring to the sample source; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from Satyavati, the child of Adrika, who later became an ancient Indian Queen in ancient Indian mythology; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós), meaning self, and the Greek γρᾰ́φειν (gráphein) meaning to carve, referring to "self-writing” or “self-transcribing” bacterial viruses in the order that encode a large single subunit RNA polymerase; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós), meaning self, and from the neuter plural of the Latin notare, meaning to inscribe; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós), meaning self, and from the neuter plural of the Latin scripto meaning to write; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós), meaning self, and from the neuter plural of the Latin signare, meaning to sign; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós), meaning self, and from the neuter plural of the Latin transcribere meaning to copy; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the prototypical uncultured virus, crAssphage, a name derived from the software tool crAss for cross-assembly analysis; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from the Bosnian creva, meaning "intestine", signifying that members of the family are highly abundant in mammalian gut, particularly, in humans; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: From the Dutch darm, meaning "intestines", referring to the abundance of member viruses in the gut microbiome; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin intestīnus meaning "internal", signifying that members of the family are highly abundant in the mammalian gut, particularly, in humans; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Irish stéig, meaning "intestine", signifying that members of the family are highly abundant in mammalian gut, particularly, in humans; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Finnish suolet, meaning "intestine", signifying that members of the family are highly abundant in mammalian gut, particularly, in humans; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin grande, meaning large or great, referring to the large genome size (< 200 kb) of viruses in the order; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from Epsom, UK, a town famous for horse racing, referring to the equine source of the first member of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Laksam Upazila, Bangladesh, the location where viruses were sampled from human gut microbiome; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Lithuanian jūra, meaning "sea"; referring to the marine archaeal viruses in the taxon; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from Yangshan, a Chinese island and gang , meaning "harbour" in Chinese, referring to the sampling location of marine archaeal host of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Yangshan, a Chinese island and luka, meaning "harbour" in Croatian, referring to the sampling location of marine archaeal host of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Finnish kirjomeaning "versatility" or "variety" and from the Finnish kansi meaning "cover", a magical object in Finnish mythology which brought riches and happiness including salt to its holder, referring to the haloarchaeal hosts of viruses in the order; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from the Finnish graavi, meaning raw cooking of fish with salt, referring to the hyperhalophilic archaeal hosts of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Haloferax and Halorubrum. sp., hosts to viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Finnish pyrstö, meaning "fish tail", referring to the virion morphology of viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from short tail, referring to the virion morhology of viruses in the family, and the French sel meaning "salt", referring to the haloarchaeal host; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Marine Group II Euryarchaeota, the historical name of Poseidoniales archaea; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from Aoguang, the Dragon King of the East China Sea in ancient Chinese myths and legends; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: from Apas, the ancient water goddesses in Indian mythology, referring to the sample source; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Krittika, a legendary princess bathing in an Indian river (Ganga) according to ancient Indian mythology, referring to the sample source; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Greek μετά (meta), meaning “beyond” or “other” and Crassvirales, a taxon with highly similar virus members; the suffix ‑virales for order taxa

Etymology: From the French tripes meaning "intestines", referring to the abundance of member viruses in the gut microbiome; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa+D58

Etymology: from Methanobacteriales, referring to the host of the viruses; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from anaerobic digester, referring to the source of isolation for a virus in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin armatus meaning “armed”, referring to exolysins with multiple pseudomurein degradation domains encoded in the genomes of viruses in the family; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek καιρός (kairos) meaning the “time of opportunity”, referring to the finding of proviruses in the genomes of Methanobrevibacter that are related to viruses in the family; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour the Swiss microbiologist Thomas Leisinger, who isolated the virus psiM2; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin piger, meaning “lazy”, referring to the presence of viruses of the family mostly as integrated elements; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Indonesian usus, meaning intestine, referring to the sample source; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Nakon, the most powerful god of war in Mayan mythology; the suffix -virales for order taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: from Ah Puch, the god of death in the Mayan mythology; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: from Ek Chuah, the patron god of warriors and merchants in the Mayan mythology; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: from the Greek pan, meaning all-inclusive, and T-even, the description that was used for bacteriophages related to the Escherichia coli phages T2, T4 and T6; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: to honour Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann, a German microbiologist, past life member of ICTV, a pioneer of electron microscopy and the taxonomy of prokcaryotic viruses; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek κυάνεος (kuáneos), meaning “dark blue”, referring to the cyanobacterial hosts to viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the name of the Greek philosopher Strabo; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: from the Ancient Greek παρά (para), meaning "near" or "beside", and Crassvirales, a taxon with highly similar virus members; the suffix ‑virales for order taxa

Etymology: From the Central Dusun tinai, meaning "intestines", referring to the abundance of member viruses in the gut microbiome; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Thumleima, the goddess and the female personification of salt, and natural salt brines in Meitei mythology, referring to the haloarchaeal hosts of viruses in the order; the suffix -virales for order taxa

Etymology: from the Lithuanian druska, meaning "salt", referring to the hyperhalophilic archaea of the genus Haloarcula, hosts to viruses in the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Halophage HF1 virus (with "una" for "1"), the first isolated representative virus of the family; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Greek prefix halo, meaning "salt", and the Latin magnus meaning "large", referring to the fact that Halogranum tailed virus 1 has by far the largest genome among known haloarchaeal viruses; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from solar saltern, an artifical shallow pond for the production of salt, and the location Eilat, Israel, where Haloarcula tailed virus 2, a member of the family, was isolated; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Olleya sp, a host of Olleya phage Harreka 1, which is found mainly in aggregates; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Alice Catherine Evans, an American microbiologist who investigated the bacteriology of milk and cheese; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin alis, meaning wings, a homage to Buffalo, N.Y. (the infamous Buffalo chicken wing), and also referring to the ability of transposable phages to use their “wings” to “fly” around the bacterial genome and insert randomly; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin altum, meaning "deep", referring to the deep sea environment in which these viruses were found; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Anamã (Anama), referring to a tradition of “family” in the Tupi-guarani language, Brazil's most widely spoken indigenous language; the suffix -viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: to honour Thomas Foxen Anderson, an American biophysical chemist and geneticist ; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the address where the genome of phage PA5oct was characterized (Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, Leuven, Belgium) in the Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, KU Leuven; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Assale, a salt lake in the Danakil depression (Ethiopia) the location of sampling and from the Latin caudo, meaning tail, referring to the morphology of viruses in the family; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin assiduus, meaning "constant" or "regular", referring to the regular isolation of members of the family from enrichments and seawater; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour David Berryhill, an American microbiologist and one of the first people to isolate an Arthrobacter phage; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: after the fictional island Blefuscu from Jonathan Swift's novel Gulliver's Travels; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa; connection unclear

Etymology: to honor Eduard Buchner, a German chemist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Lester E. Casida Jr., an American industrial microbiologist; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Sherwood R Casjens, an American virologist, for his seminal contributions to the study of phage biology and evolution; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Martha Cowles Chase, an American geneticist who helped confirm that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from chimallin (“chīmalli”, an Aztec shield), which is the major phage nuclear shell protein, referring to the unique phage replication mechanism of members of the family; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the French city of Clermont-Ferrand where Methanomassiliicoccales archaea, host for viruses in the family, were co-discovered; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Donald R. Colingsworth, an American industrial microbiologist and the first person to isolate a Streptomyces phage; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Ian F. Connerton, a British microbiologist/food scientist who studied Campylobacter phage; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from Dallol in the Danakil depression (Ethiopia), the location of sampling and from the Latin caudo, meaning tail, referring to the morphology of viruses in the family; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Danakil depression (Ethiopia) of geothermally influenced salt lakes, the location of sampling and from the Latin caudo, meaning tail, referring to the morphology of viruses in the family; the suffix ‑viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Milislav Demerec, a Croatian-American geneticist who pioneered work on bacteriophage, and collaborated in the first isolation of E.coli phage T5; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Henry Drexler, an American microbiologist, for his pioneering research on Escherichia phage T1; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the island Dune, close to Helgoland, where members of the famiy were discovered in aquatic samples; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: to honour Melanie Ehrlich, an American molecular biologist and Kenneth Craig Ehrlich, an American organic chemist/biochemist, who both pioneered work on Bacillus phage; the suffix -viridae for family taxa

Etymology: from the Latin felix, meaning luck, referring the chance discovery of the Roth phages C and D; the suffix -viridae for family taxa