The viruses simian hemorrhagic encephalitis virus (SHEV), Zambian malbrouck virus 1 (ZMbV- 1) and South African Free State vervet virus (FSVV) are known to infect Old World cercopithecine primates, causing haemorrhagic and encephalitic disease in captive macaques (SHEV) and subclinical infections in wild African primates of the genus Cercopithecus (ZMbV- 1, FSVV).
The natural nonhuman African primate host of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) is not known but could be a species of baboon or a patas monkey. SHFV infection in Asian macaques causes a fatal hemorrhagic fever disease.
See discussion under family description.
Members of the subfamily Simarterivirinae have only been detected in African monkeys. Members of this subfamily are distinguished by the presence of four additional open reading frames downstream of the ORF1b replicase that are not present in members of other arterivirus subfamilies. Members of the Simarterivirinae also have three papain like protease proteins, nsp1α, nsp1β, and nsp1g.
The one known member of the genus Lambdaarterivirus infects the African giant pouched (Gambian) rat.
See discussion under family description.
Members of this subfamily form a clade upon phylogenetic analysis (Figure 3. Arteriviridae).
There is only one genus in the subfamily. See “Subfamily, genus and species demarcation criteria” section on the family for species demarcation criteria which are universal for all subfamilies.
Members of this genus infect horses or donkeys. Infections range from asymptomatic to severe. The equine arteritis virus genome is the shortest in the family.
See discussion under family description.
Members of this subfamily form a clade upon phylogenetic analysis (Figure 3. Arteriviridae). PLP1a is enzymatically inactive and, as a result, only a single nsp1 is produced in cells infected with equine arteritis virus. EAV also does not have nsp2TF or nsp2N ORFs produced by ribosomal frameshifting.
The virus Olivier's shrew virus 1, a member of the only virus species in the genus, was isolated from Olivier’s shrews in Guinea.
See discussion under family description.
See discussion under family description.
Members of this subfamily form a clade upon phylogenetic analysis (Figure 3. Arteriviridae).
There is only one genus in the subfamily. See “Subfamily, genus and species demarcation criteria” on the family page for genus demarcation criteria which are universal for all subfamilies.
Albina, E., F. Madec, R. Cariolet and J. Torrison (1994). Immune response and persistence of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected pigs and farm units. Vet Rec 134: 567-73. [PubMed]
