Abbreviations
In addition to universally accepted abbreviations such as DNA and RNA, it is common practice to use abbreviations for virological and technical words in virology. In the Report, we have adopted commonly used abbreviations (e.g. CP for capsid protein and NC for nucleocapsid). These have been approved by the Executive Committee of ICTV for use in the ICTV Report but have no official status. The abbreviations will be used without definition throughout the book, except in a few instances where Study Group conventions (e.g. C in place of CP for capsid protein) dictate different practice. In these instances, abbreviations are defined locally.
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Immunology |
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CTL |
cytotoxic T lymphocyte |
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CF |
complement fixing |
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HLA |
human leukocyte antigen |
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IgG, IgM etc. |
immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, etc. |
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mAb |
monoclonal antibody |
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MHC |
major histocomatibility complex |
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NK cell |
natural killer cell |
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PBMC |
peripheral blood mononuclear cell |
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T cell |
T lymphocyte |
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Doses |
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EC50 |
half maximal effective concentration |
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IC50 |
half maximal inhibitory concentration |
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LD50 |
half maximal lethal dose |
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TCID50 |
half maximal tissue culture infective dose |
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Molecular biology |
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cDNA |
complementary DNA |
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DNAse |
deoxyribonuclease |
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ds |
double stranded |
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Hel |
helicase |
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m7G |
7-methylguanosine (part of the 5′-cap structure of many mRNAs) |
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mRNA |
messenger RNA |
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Mtr |
methyltransferase |
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5′-NTR, 3′-NTR |
5′-nontranslated region, 3′-nontranslated region (use the prime symbol, U+2032) |
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NES |
nuclear export signal |
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NLS |
nuclear localization signal |
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ORF |
open reading frame |
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Pol |
polymerase |
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Pro |
protease |
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RdRP |
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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RNAse |
ribonuclease |
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ss |
single stranded |
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5′-UTR, 3′-UTR |
5′-untranslated region, 3′-untranslated region (use the prime symbol, U+2032) |
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Organizations |
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ATCC |
American Type Culture Collection |
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CDC |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
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ICTV |
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |
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MRC |
Medical Research Council (UK) |
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NIH |
National Institutes of Health |
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WHO |
World Health Organization |
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Techniques |
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ELISA |
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
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ELISPOT |
enzyme-linked immunospot assay |
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FACS |
fluorescence-activated cell sorting |
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FPLC |
fast protein liquid chromatography |
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GFP |
green fluorescent protein |
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HPLC |
high performance liquid chromatography |
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PAGE |
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
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PCR |
polymerase chain reaction |
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RT-PCR |
reverse transcritase-polymerase chain reaction |
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RACE |
rapid amplification of cDNA ends |
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RFLP |
restriction fragment length polymorphism |
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TLC |
thin layer chromatography |
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Units |
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aa |
amino acid(s) |
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bp, kbp |
base pair(s), kilobase pair(s) |
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c.f.u. |
colony-forming unit |
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D |
diffusion coefficient |
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f.f.u. |
focus-forming unit |
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h |
hour(s) |
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kDa |
kilodalton (~10−21g) |
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min |
minutes(s) |
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m.o.i. |
multiplicity of infection |
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Mr |
relative molar mass |
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nt |
nucleotide(s) |
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p.f.u. |
plaque-forming unit |
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Virology |
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AIDS |
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
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CP |
capsid/coat protein (unless otherwise defined) |
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CPE |
cytopathic effect |
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DI |
defective interfering |
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gRNA |
genomic RNA |
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HE |
hemagglutinin-esterase |
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HI |
hemagglutination inhibition |
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IRES |
internal ribosome entry site |
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MP |
movement protein |
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N |
nucleoprotein |
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NC |
nucleocapsid |
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Rep |
replication associated protein |
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RF |
replicative form |
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RI |
replicative intermediate |
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RNP |
ribonucleoprotein |
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RT |
reverse transcriptase |
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sgRNA |
subgenomic RNA |
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(+) strand RNA |
positive strand RNA (mRNA sense) |
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(-) strand RNA |
negative strand RNA (non-mRNA sense) |
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T (e.g. T3) |
triangulation number |
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VPg |
genome-linked protein |